trading at Stock Research

The USA has the largest share market in the world. And though for some years (in the end of 80th - the beginning of 90th years) it has yielded precedence to the Japanese market, nevertheless it has regain positions after crash of the Japanese market after earthquake in Osaka. Ordinary stocks in the USA have no face-value. Other feature of actions of the USA is that their holders usually do not receive preemption right when the companies issues additional stocks.
If the company wishes to issue stocks for the public circulation, it should address in the Commission under securities and stock exchanges and to carry out of strict obligations on disclosing the information which continue to operate and in the further. Even the method of preparation and representation of the financial reporting stipulates in these rules. Until recently the Commission negatively concerned to dual listing of securities on a myriad of the stock exchanges organized on all country. These stock exchanges (all of them are authorized by the Commission) have no exclusive right on trade. And operations on over-the-counter market are widely widespread at them.
Many stock exchanges have kept the adherence to a trading hall in which brokers conclude transactions face to face. In addition to trade in a hall of a stock exchange are equipped by computer systems (at New-York stock exchange such system refers to “Super pillbox”), and at them so-called “transactions by phone on the top floor” for large share holdings also practice. Stock exchanges also often use “expert” who partly is engaged in regulation, and partly acts in a role of the main trader, and only one expert is engaged in each securities. However the growing North American association of dealers under securities (NASD) by means of the system of automatic quotations has created a special market niche especially for stocks of the hi-tech companies and technically it is considered organized over-the-counter market. There is a requirement of bodies of regulation concerning all intermediaries in the USA - they should aspire to the conclusion of the transaction under the “best” price which is available in a network of stock exchanges of the USA irrespective of, whether local it is the market or not.
In the general opinion, the market of the USA is the most adjustable according to the legislation originally put into operation in the beginning of 1930th years. In this market extremely strict control measures are applied concerning its all participants at their admission on the market and carrying out of operations on it. Access of commercial banks to trade in securities is still limited by Glass Stigl Certificate which does not allow concluding to banks the transaction on the goods and securities of the same companies.
Calculations are usually made for the third working day after day of the conclusion of the transaction (T + 3) on the basis of everyday execution through usual bank system.

Now I am trying to choose the market where I can try to speculate. I ask all my friends and many of them advise me to try to speculate at FOREX. Here I write the summarizing of all advices about the trade at FOREX.
You should be morally ready to probable losses of committed finances. All participants in gamble in market FOREX are divided on two big groups depending on that approach to FOREX which they profess.
 The first group - the people wishing fast to take the maximum profit on committed finances without essential time temporary, intellectual both financial expenses, and evaluating FOREX as something similar to game in a roulette in a casino.
The second group - the people suitable to FOREX as to the serious financial market, deeply studying the theory and ready to spend is a lot of time and efforts to learn correct work in this market, and with the course of time to start to earn essential and, the most important, stable profit. Thus it is necessary to understand that FOREX in this sense it is very flexible and gives a field of action both for those, and for others. The spectrum of probable results is very great. At successful coincidence of circumstances it is possible, not possessing even elements of the market to double an ownership capital for 1 day. On the other hand, for large financial institutions in the West comprehensible yield in this market is the level of 20-60% per annum on the invested capital. These are two poles in possible strategy in this market. The game approach allows earning fast lump sum, but sustains risk of instant loss of all funds and has no long prospect. The market approach allows earning at the certain persistence decent money with limited enough risks. And before entering the market you for it should define, to what of poles you will be closer during the work.
Define in advance, that you wish to receive from the market, for what term, with what expenses and risks. Depending on the selected strategy of game on FOREX you should define for yourselves that time with which you are ready to allocate for studying market FOREX. At desire quickly to earn it is enough to study one book in the size in 200-300 pages, containing substantive provisions and concepts of market FOREX, and to start the beginning of operations. Thus the probability of a prize will change about 50% and to tend to downturn at increase in quantity of operations. More serious approach demands initially studying of a maximum quantity of an available information for full understanding of all bases of the market, available tools and methods of the analysis and forecasting of the market which can raise quality of your trade. Unnecessarily in the trade to use all existing ways and methods of forecasting and the analysis, but their knowledge and skill to apply them will allow to develop as much as possible effective system of the trades without which successful long trade is simply impossible.
Find the greatest possible quantity of time for studying the theory before the beginning of practice. It is necessary to find also in the life any part of time directly for participation during trade. Quantity of spent time for acquaintance with the current information, forecasting of the market, the analysis of own results more often in direct ratio received profit. Rash operations seldom enough lead to notable positive results. And even the earned profit at absence of the analysis and systematization in work is quickly lost in next transactions. Thus, all again depends on time.
The major stage before decision-making on the beginning of real game in market FOREX is definition of the size of money resources which you are ready to risk for reception of profit. Any speculative market, and market FOREX in particular, is interfaced to risk of loss of the committed finances. Therefore never put in game more money, than you are ready to lose. Possible losses (from which are not insured even professionals) should not become for you a financial trouble. Do not play on extra funds or for last means postponed for “rainy day”. Market FOREX far not that place where it is possible quickly and without problems to increase greatly a seed capital. It or risky game for the people possessing free money and ready is painless for them to lose, or long and laborious work on purchase of the skills capable in the future to bring the essential income on the invested capital. Therefore primary you should are morally ready to loss of means and to define that sum of funds which loss will be rather painless for your budget. Probably, it also will not occur, but to realize such opportunity better in advance, than to receive financial both psychological impact and feeling of desperation after already it is impossible to correct anything.
After you all the same have made a decision on test of the forces in market FOREX, the major stage becomes a choice of the partner or, easier speaking, the broker through whom will pass your operations. Even at brilliant possession of the theory and practice of the market the certain moments in activity of the intermediary between you and the market can reduce “on there is no” all your efforts and even to serve as the reason of losses. Therefore, before to begin trade, it is necessary to spend the certain efforts to a choice of the good partner. For this purpose it is necessary to collect more information on brokers working in the market, on their financial conditions and reputations. Various brokers offer commissions differing from each other, spreads, percent and the software for trade. The size of the commission, a spread, speed and convenience of the program, and also quality of the offered information on the market can render huge influence on an end result of your work. However, attractive financial conditions by all means should be combined with good reputation and long for works in the market. Otherwise even the earned funds can be for ever lost because of untidiness of the broker that is not for today such unusual occurrence.
At a choice of the broker, besides acquaintance with financial operating conditions, it is necessary to familiarize and test by all means the software which becomes the tool for execution of your will in the market. Different brokers offer their own programs written in different languages and possessing a different degree of speed, reliability, convenience and a various tooling of the analysis. Practically all intermediaries suggest to take advantage of their programs in a demonstration mode, and some people by means of them and to participate in free-of-charge competitions with monetary prize-winning fund. It is desirable to try for comparison some similar intermediaries on offered conditions. Necessarily spend not less than month for game in a demonstration mode, combining it with studying the theory of the market, testing the received knowledge in practice. It will allow you not only to check up quality and convenience of the software, but also you to check up more and more time necessity of the introduction into game on real money. Quality of work of the program and the personnel of the intermediary in a demonstration mode in many speaks about what quality can receive final service, having opened the real account. Constantly analyze results of own work and quality of service. A unique major condition in a demo-game is that with virtual money you should try to address also carefully as with real. Frequently game in a demonstration mode can force you not only replace the prospective intermediary, but also in general to make a decision on undesirability of your participation in game in the financial markets. Far not each person is capable to work successfully in the financial markets: the clear intellect is necessary for this purpose, endurance, skill to risk still more many other individual qualities.
During demonstration trade try to define precisely those tools and information sources which you will use at decision-making on fulfillment of transactions. Also, even prior to the beginning of real trade, it is necessary to define tactics of fulfillment of transactions. As you will often open positions, how much long you will hold the open positions in what the moments will make transactions, as well as in what size you will limit possible losses under the transaction, what part of the capital will use at fulfillment of each separate transaction - all is questions, answers on which will render very essential influence on end results. Besides allocate from huge weight of sources of the information and indicators of the market for itself what, in your opinion, are reliable and correspond to chosen tactics. In language of professionals it refers to as development of own trading system. In fulfillment of financial operations the order and complexity is necessary. The intuition and feeling of the market, undoubtedly, are an important point in decision-making, but they should not be principal causes for fulfillment of the transaction at all. Having developed the certain system of trade, it is necessary to recede from it only in the extreme cases. It is necessary to analyze constantly results of own system, to bring corrective amendments and constantly to improve it. Chaotic trade is a direct way to loss of the committed finances.
Starting real trade, it is necessary to understand firmly, that game in a demonstration mode or as speak, “on a paper” very essentially differs from real game on “real” money. The difference is comparable to sensations of the same sportsmen on training and in the world championship. At real game each movement of a rate is expressed in quite concrete sum of your means, and it puts huge psychological pressure upon the person. Even quite successful players at the slightest failure can lose a head and ability to sober thinking and the analysis. But also excessive euphoria from the received prize can play with you a malicious jest.
Develop own system of successful trade and strictly follow it. Having chosen trading strategy and tactics, having developed own trading system, do not wait, that 100% of transactions become profitable. Any professional makes both profitable and unprofitable transactions. It is important, that the quantity and total result of profitable transactions exceeded the same parameters unprofitable. The best professionals approximately only in 70% of cases reach positive result under the transaction. The profit earns during the long period of time at the cost of excess of the size of the total income over losses. Therefore the individual unprofitable transaction should not upset and unsettle you. You only should analyze closely the reasons which have led to losses and to improve own system of trade in due course to achieve stable growth of results.

Two generations of the Soviet citizens did not know a word “stock exchange”. But all falls back into place. By 90-th years of XX century centralized national economy has deadlocked: commodity deficiency has swept away all from counters of shops, the hidden inflation and surplus of monetary weight have led to appearance of barter in the economy, to disorder of economic communications, recession of industrial production. It is the incomplete list of those problems that were preconditions for a new economic reform in Russia when in the beginning of 1990th years transition to market economy has begun. Then after sixty years’ of calm in Russia again there were stock exchanges which always were one of the major elements of the market. The stock exchange again became necessary.
These years in Russia the exchange boom begins. In the beginning of 1990 in Moscow there are first commodity exchanges - Russian commodity-raw (RCRE) and the Moscow commodity exchange (MCE) - the centers of marketing of those years on which then it was necessary up to half of all wholesale exchange turn of Russia. President of RCRE Konstantin Borovoj in the book “the Price of freedom” recollects, how then nobody trusted, that in Russia stock exchanges can revive. “One of my friends, - he writes, - which I torture most of all in occasion of an opportunity of opening of a stock exchange, has suggested to pay to me of ten thousand dollars that I have stopped these conversations and vanity…”. Really, all began with naked enthusiasm. Some person have simply gathered, risked to enclose in new business the of 30 thousand rubles.
In the beginning of 1990th years stock exchanges have arisen on all territory of the country. In a course there was a wood, sugar, electronics, a paper, building materials, bread, cars, computers and set of other goods. Soon Russia was beat out in world leaders by quantity of stock exchanges - them was totaled more than 1000. Certainly, the majority of them were not classical exchange structures. Many of stock exchanges as a matter of fact were simply fairs where traded in the real goods. But the role of a stimulator of trade and they have played wholly. People began to forget about so hated deficiency of the food and industrial goods.
These for the present not all clear quasi-exchange organizations – harbingers of something new - found to themselves a haven in any premises which could be rented for a while. To many budgetary organizations which are often not received the salary in time, it was necessary “to sin” with letting of rent of its space. Where only did not lodge new sprouts of market economy! Their neighbors were workers of research institutes, publishing houses, the ministries, factories; they removed premises on All-Union Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy (VDNKh), private apartments.

The first term transactions began to be made. On the Moscow commodity exchange (MCE) for the first time in the country transactions for the term with grain and a clap began to be spent. Hardly later to it the Moscow chamber of commerce (MCC) where the future for US dollar bargained joins.
Gradually this trade starts to get the organized character. Classical exchange platforms on which trade basically in financial actives (currency, securities, credits) crystallize. In due course in exchange movement all starts to sound a theme of the share market more clearly. By the end of 1992, according to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the quantity of exchange share platforms has reached 22. On the largest commodity exchanges there are share departments. In 1992 the Moscow interbank currency stock exchange (MICSE) which all over again became the center of the organized trade in currency, and then was established by the main stock exchange of the country. 

With the beginning of process of privatization in 1993 in Moscow has opened Moscow international share (MISE) and Moscow central share stock exchanges (MCSSE). The Leningrad stock exchange is established. Trade in securities was started by the Siberian, Baltic and Nizhniy Novgorod stock exchanges. First time stock exchanges were often open for everything, with the right of paid participation of the visitors, not being members of a stock exchange. Usual auction sometimes practiced.
The classical share market that time yet was not. Stock exchanges should struggle for a survival. The majority of commodity exchanges began to trade in 1993 in nationally known vouchers (certificates on privatization), credits and monetary resources, broker places, securities for bearers, and also substitutes of securities. To such notorious tickets MMM, for example, concerned.
After more than semicentennial investment hibernation people again have become interested in securities. There was a hope to earn additionally: many have rushed to put the savings thawing from inflation in securities. It was necessary to something to prove nobody, all as though waited, when, at last, there will be such opportunity. But the market was young. It ill equipped participants was waited with “reefs” of share games: unscrupulous businessmen with financial “pyramids”, sharp loss of savings, it is frequent the last. As a result has come disappointment, and more likely, mistrust of the population to any securities.

 
The same years develops the exchange market for wholesale trade in currency. The center of interbank trade in a foreign currency became the Moscow Interbank Stock Exchange, founded by Bank of Russia and leading commercial banks. In 1992-1993 regional currency stock exchanges in the key economic centers of the country are created. Their network was stretched from St.-Petersburg up to Vladivostok. A creation of the national market on trade in currency and securities on a united technological basis was possible after their unification around of the Moscow Interbank Stock Exchange.
Having received the license of Bank of Russia for the organization of operations of sale and purchase of a foreign currency, these stock exchanges gradually became universal exchange structures which, leaning on local banks, carried out trading and settlement operations, and also carried out functions of storage and the account of the rights to securities for participants of currency, share and term segments of the financial market.
Trade in the state short-term bonds, the state currency and municipal bonds, has begun. In the market the corporate securities emitted by the first private enterprises have started to address.
Revival of exchange trade in Russia has coincided on time with mass introduction in the financial world of information technologies, distribution of the Internet. Though the largest stock exchanges of the West continued to trade in classical way - “by vote on pit”, on a number of the Russian stock exchanges the integrated electronic systems for the organization of the trades began to take root. For the Russia which have stretched on nine time zones, it also was complex, as well as it is necessary. The first large project in this area became creation in 1993 on the basis of the Moscow Interbank Stock Exchange electronic trading-depositary systems which served the market of the state securities (state credit obligations-federal loan bonds).
In May, 1993 the Moscow Interbank Stock Exchange has opened the exchange market state short-term zero-coupon bonds (state credit obligations). In the end of this year it has started the project of united electronic financial market “ETHER” - the inter-regional exchange trades in system of currency stock exchanges have begun. Since 1994 the Moscow Interbank Stock Exchange has entered new technical and trading-depository complex, and with July 1994 has begun distribution of the removed terminals connected to trading-depository system of the Moscow Interbank Stock Exchange.
Its beginning was such. As a result in Russia there was the exchange platform possessing modern electronic trading system, serious potential of development and supporting an increasing securities market - state credit obligations, federal loan bond, then corporate securities and term tools. Then the trades by currency also are translated in system of the electronic trades (SELT). Introduction of the removed terminals enabled to create a universal computer stock exchange where in a mode of real time worked not only the Moscow investors, but also participants from other regions of the country.
In 1994 the Central republican universal stock exchange (CRSE) in Moscow starts to work. It has been opened for fulfillment of transactions by general public, including private persons. On it traded approximately in 50 kinds of demand securities and substitutes which most part then has completely disappeared from the reference. The share market then experienced illness of growth - the reference of pseudo-actives - substitutes of securities. The most popular were tickets MMM by means of which notorious adventurer-mathematician Sergey Mavrodi has constructed a huge pyramid. During its promotion mass advertising promised incomes up to 1000% annual, to resist what the most proof investors could not even. In annual report CRSE for 1994 it is possible to read through the interesting lines describing tickets МММ: “Behind tickets МММ definition “polytrophic production МММ” has strongly affirmed. However during long time they were the most popular paper. Occurrence of tickets of different face values, constant change by management of МММ of appearance of tickets, frequent refusals to accept for payment own releases of tickets, feverish throws of a rate of their buying up-sale in items МММ - all this has resulted work in the market of tickets in the category of the most brave, but also… the most profitable operations. Tickets МММ were the largest component in turn CRSE and gave those years approximately 40-50% of a turn of all stock exchanges of Russia. But unjustified incomes and poor papers have a short life: in 1994 the pyramid has failed, having left millions investors without means and for a long time having scared away investors from the share market.
In 1995 there has begun the activity the Russian trading system (RTS) on which stocks of the first privatized Russian enterprises bargained. On a plan of its founders, it was anything other, as computer over-the-counter system. Similar RTS can be named American computer market NASDAQ. The basic participants of RTS became brokers - members of National association of participants of the share market (NAPSM). Activity of RTS which has been constructed in view of the international standards, has allowed returning trust to the organized securities market. However its weak places were absence of guarantees of execution of transactions, and also orientation to service of the large broker companies with foreign participation. Nevertheless till 1998 on RTS consist more than half of transactions with the Russian stocks.
One of the last in 1990th years had been created the Moscow stock exchange (MSE). In the beginning of 1997 several tens of banks and the broker-dealer companies, and also four stock exchanges have created MSE. However its activity was limited to trade in stocks of the gas giant - Russian Open Society “Gazprom” and the Moscow municipal loans. Attempts to expand a spectrum of operations due to introduction in a turn of other share values and currency have not gone right.
Thus, rough process of formation of exchange structure of the financial market in Russia, predictably, crystallized in several classical stock exchanges. The interesting certificate of the middle of 1993 the newspaper has left to us “Exchange sheets” in which president of MCSE V. Pankin wrote: “The main thing during the last period consists in that in any measure to adjust the destroyed intereconomic communications. There was a process of transformation of many stock exchanges in associations, trading houses, the investment companies and so forth Commodity and raw stock exchanges send to future contracts on that goods which all over the world are considered exchange. As to stock exchanges now there was ten and a half. In the long term them will be even less - two-rub Moscow besides it is probable, in St.-Petersburg, in Ural, the Siberian, Far East regions “.
Rough exchange decade has yielded the fruits. There was a precise exchange system across all Russia, in central and industrial regions of the state, helping to work to the domestic financial market.

Joint-Stock Company “Siberian stock exchange” was founded on February, 22nd, 1991. The first name of a stock exchange was Joint-Stock Company “Siberian stock exchange” (SSE). Till July, 1997 of Joint-Stock Company “SSE” carried out functions of the organizer of the trades in the share market. Since 1994 the stock exchange actively was engaged in the organization in Siberia the future market on the currency, the average price of state credit obligations and for the Index of RTS. In 1997 in connection with change of the legislation of Joint-Stock Company “SSE” has stopped activity of stock exchange. In 2002 shareholders have changed the name to Joint-Stock Company “Siberian exchange”. On July, 16th, 2002 the stock exchange has received the license of a commodity exchange №128 and since April, 16th 2003 has started the trades by standard (future) contracts on soft food wheat 3 classes with fibrin not below 23%.
Since September, 26th 2005 at an exchange the trades on future contracts on gold.
The Basis of the future market of a stock exchange have begun is the Settlement union - association of the Settlement firms which have concluded the multilateral Contract about the organization of the future market among themselves and a stock exchange. Settlement firms are shareholders (members) of a stock exchange and have the right to serve the clients trading in the future market. Among them are large manufacturers and converters of grains, the trading and financial organizations.
The Siberian exchange in the development aspires to construction of a classical commodity-future exchange - unique financial institutions by the opportunities which provides fair pricing, insurance and regulation of financial risks for the basic participants of the grain market of Siberia. The stock exchange will promote also to improvement of an investment climate and increase of efficiency of agricultural branch of South-Siberian region - one of leaders of agrarian Russia.

Channel Islands Stock exchange (CISX/Exchange) has begun the activity in 1998 and renders services under the admission of securities to the trades (listing), and also on over-the-counter trading of securities. CISX/Exchange developed the accelerated rates, and for December, 31st, 2004 its market capitalization has made 28 billion US dollars.
For May, 31st, 2005 800 companies have passed procedure of listing. CISX/Exchange offers an individual approach and fast process of processing of applications on the admission of securities on the innovative and highly controllable market. CISX/Exchange specializes on following services:
- services of experts on carrying out of operations with securities (including the Eurobonds, the structured duty and guarantees);
- investment funds;
- primary and secondary listing of securities and the actions emitted by the companies of Channel Islands and the foreign companies;
- depositary receipts which are given out by Channel Islands.
CISX/Exchange has the site in the Internet where the detailed review of sponsors of listing and the securities quoted at a stock exchange is given. The market information and quotations of the prices, is published worldwide on the pages of agency Reuters devoted to the CISX/Exchange.
CISX/Exchange has a favorable mode of listing of those securities in which the limited number of the investors (well understanding questions of investments) trades.
With the introduction in July of the Instruction of EU on Market Frauds, heightened interest to the securities which are quoted on CISX/Exchange as Channel Islands are not a part of EU so, CISX/Exchange is not the market adjustable by the given Instruction is observed.
CISX/Exchange has competitive prices, an effective turn of documents with the purpose of consideration of applications within 48 hours, and also keeps work with emitters and sponsors of listing on a flexible and commercial basis. The similar attitude is reflected in all aspects of listing from requirements about disclosing the information before accommodation of methods of introduction of innovative structures.
Though CISX/Exchange is situated at the territory of the Europe, and time of carrying out of its trades coincides with London time, it is not adjusted EU.
CISX/Exchange has a plenty of official international recognitions, for example:
• It is adjusted by the Commission on granting Financial Services of Guernsey which is the participant of the International Organization of the Commissions under securities;
• Is the recognized stock exchange according to section 841 of the Law on the income and corporate tax of the United Kingdom from 1988, hence, the debt securities quoted on CISX/Exchange, can be considered as quoted Eurobonds for the purposes of the taxation in the United Kingdom, percent on which are paid up to a deduction of taxes;
• Management of Financial Services of the United Kingdom has approved activity CISX/Exchange as an investment stock exchange within the limits of the Law on Financial Services and the Markets from 2000;
• CISX/Exchange is a related member of the International Organization of the Commissions under securities;
• The stock exchange is recognized by the Commission under securities and stock exchanges of the USA as an offshore securities market according to the Rule 902 (c) of the Law on securities of 1933;
• It is officially recognized by the Australian Stock exchange;
• CISX/Exchange is registered in the World Federation on Stock exchanges as “the market which is meeting the requirements”;
• The stock exchange is a member of the European Forum on maintenance and financing of securities.
Applications on reception of the quotation on CISX/Exchange move through the sponsor who is the member of CISX. The given stock exchange provides accelerated “the equivalent approach” to process of applications on reception of the quotation of securities. It means that by consideration of the similar application documents on reception of the listing, prepared for jurisdiction or the stock exchange recognized CISX/Exchange provided that the information containing in documents of a similar sort, essentially did not change can be used. Process of applications on reception of the quotation has four stages.
1. The sponsor and the emitter prepare and hand over the initial application, including the project of the document on reception of the quotation. CISX/Exchange usually loyally approaches to consideration of documents if requirements about disclosing a special sort of the information are not observed owing to presence of circumstances from the emitter. For submission of applications on secondary listing already available documents on reception of the quotation in the primary market can be used. At the given stage all corresponding projects of powers of attorney on management of the property and other financial tools serving by maintenance of debt securities, or components of those also are a subject to check.
2. Check of applications (usually within 48 hours) is spent, and then the sponsor at the coordination with the emitter gives answers on emerged questions.
3. The sponsor submits a final variant of the application which considers Management of the Share Market.
4. After reception of approval of Management of the Share Market documents on reception of listing are registered, and securities are brought in the official list of quotations of a stock exchange. The official information of listing are published in the form of the official application, and process of fulfillment of the trades and commercial transactions begins.
To pass all four stages from the initial application before reception of listing it is possible for 10 days, though CISX/Exchange can accelerate this process, proceeding from commercial reasons.
The sponsor of listing promotes the emitter in preparation of all documents, submits them in CISX/Exchange and keeps in contact with CISX/Exchange concerning any inquiries which can act in connection with process of reception of the quotation.
A necessary condition for reception of listing is that the emitter carries out the obligations according to Rules of listing and other duties concerning given procedure. Besides observance of special Rules of listing, the emitter is obliged to inform the public, CISX/Exchange and holders of securities of the company on occurrence of any important data concerning the emitter, allowing the public and owners of securities correctly define a financial position of the emitter, to avoid creation of a false securities market, and also possible negative influence on activity of the market and cost of securities.
The further requirements include granting CISX/Exchange of spears of annual reports, audit or other financial reports of the emitter, and also disclosing CISX/Exchange of the information on any changes of the rights provided by debt securities of the emitter, quoted on a stock exchange. Emitters should hand over copies of the announcements containing the information on debt securities, included in listing, for check by Channel Islands Stock exchange before their publication.

I have written this blog for 1.5 month, but only several days ago I realize that I wrote about different foreign stock exchanges, but I’ve forgotten to write about the unique stock of my own country… About Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange… And today I’ll try to correct it!
The portrait of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange”
The open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” has been formed in 1998 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Belarus from July, 20th, 1998 №366 “About perfection of system of state regulation of the stock market”. Founders of a stock exchange became National bank of the Republic of Belarus (a control share holding), Fund of the state property of the Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Belarus and a number of large banks of the Republic of Belarus.
The supreme body of management of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” is General meeting of shareholders. The structure of shareholders of a stock exchange, except for founders includes banks, the broker/dealer subsidiaries of republic, etc. The Management of a stock exchange between the General meetings of shareholders is carried out by the Supervisory council.
As of today of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” is the unique in republic trading platform on the basis of which the national system of the exchange trades on all basic segments of the financial market is created: currency, share and term. Except for the organization of the trades, the stock exchange carries out functions of the settlement depositary institution in the exchange market of not state securities, function of the operator of settlement-clearing system by all kinds of securities and tools of the term market, and also carries out registration of the transactions concluded on the over-the-counter market with stocks of open joint-stock companies and voucher “Housing”.
The foreign exchange market.
According to the Rules of exchange trade in the foreign currencies approved by the decision of Board of National bank of the Republic of Belarus 28/06/2001 №165 (read with 31/10/2003), open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” it is allocated by the right of the organization of the trades by a foreign currency.
The trades by a foreign currency at a stock exchange are carried out within the limits of Section of the currency market. The exchange trades are spent daily with use of electronic system of the trades. The cores currencies quoted at a stock exchange are: US dollar, Euro, the Russian ruble and the Ukrainian hryvna. The rates generated on results of the exchange trades, today are included into the category of the basic indicators of the currency market. On results of the trades the National bank of the Republic of Belarus establishes official rates of the Belarus ruble in relation to US dollar and ruble of the Russian Federation.
The total volume of the trades by all kinds of currencies for 9 months of 2005 was made 10.6 billion of rubles or 4 912 million US dollars in an equivalent.
Stock market.
According to the legislation of the Republic of Belarus for many securities the stock exchange is a unique admissible jail of transactions. To such papers concern: the state issue securities, bonds of National bank of the Republic of Belarus, the bond of local loans and the securities of the open joint-stock companies last an estimation of quality and reliability (listing) and admitted to the reference at a stock exchange. To participation in the trades by securities members of Section of the share market are supposed only. Transactions with securities are made in universal electronic trading system. The opportunity to participate in the trades with use of the automated workplaces located in trading halls of a stock exchange, or through the removed trading terminals is given to members of Section of the share market. The trades by securities are spent daily in following modes: “Continuous double auction”, “REPO (the fixed pricing)”, “REPO (free pricing)”, “Discrete auction”, “Forward transactions”, “Simple auction”, “Simple auction REPO”. The given modes are effectively used for primary accommodation of securities, the organization of their secondary reference and maintenance of processes of privatization.
Now in sector of the state securities and securities of National bank auctions of the Ministry of Finance on accommodation of the state securities are spent, within the limits of the secondary reference transactions in modes “continuous double auction” and “REPO” are made, the National bank of the Republic of Belarus on a regular basis spends simple auctions REPO. On the given segment of the market the institute a market-makers functions. Since September, 1st, 2005 the index on the market government securities/short-term bonds of the National bank of the Republic of Belarus pays off and published.
In sector of not state securities transactions with stocks and bonds of subjects of managing are made at primary accommodation and the secondary reference, and also privatization transactions. The fund of the state property of the Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Belarus uses exchange technologies for the organization of auctions on sale of actions belonging to the state for a foreign currency and the Belarus rubles, “discrete auction” and other accessible modes of the trades realizes state blocks of shares of stocks in a mode. Since October, 7th of 2005 in sector of not state securities the regular trades by bonds of banks have begun.
Participants of the trades can make transactions with not state securities with following conditions of calculations: T+0 (delivery of money and securities in day of fulfillment of the transaction), T+n (delivery of money and securities in the day certain by participants during the moment of fulfillment of the transaction), and also the transactions made on conditions REPO.
The total volume of the exchange trades by securities of all kinds for 9 months of 2005 has made 7.0 billion of rubles, or 3.2 billion of US dollars.
According to the legislation of the Republic of Belarus the stock exchange carries out obligatory registration of all accomplished on the over-the-counter market of transactions with securities of the open joint-stock companies, and also since January, 25th, 2005 transactions with nominal privatization checks “Housing”. For nine months of 2005 by a stock exchange it has been registered 1066 over-the-counter transactions with stocks of open joint-stock company for a total sum of 15.96 billion rubles (7.4 million of US dollars) and 33653 transactions with  voucher “Housing” at actual cost of 19083,7 million rubles (on a face-value 24.0 million rubles). For service of processes of registration system BEQAS functioning on the basis of the Internet-technologies is used.
The term market.
Since October, 2004 the stock exchange has started trading by financial tools of the term market on a constant basis. The exchange trades by tools of the term market are spent in electronic trading system every working day simultaneously on all tools in a mode “continuous double auction”. As participants of the trades act the members of Section of the term market. Calculations under made transactions are spent in uniform settlement-clearing system, in which function of a clearing bank carries out National bank of the Republic of Belarus, and function of clearing - a stock exchange. The toolkit of the given market is presented by future contracts on rates of foreign currencies and interest rates in the market of the state securities.
Information work.
The major principle of the organization of activity of a stock exchange is development of information technologies and increase of a transparency of the financial market of republic. With a view of realization of the given principle by a stock exchange it is created and successfully functions three basic automated information products: the official Internet-site of a stock exchange, the Belarusian automated quoted system of a stock exchange (BEQAS), Information system “Stock market”. The official Internet-site of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” is the central element of system of disclosing of the information by results of activity of a stock exchange in the currency, share and term markets.
“The Share market” accumulates data about a condition and the processes occurring on a republican securities market. The basic suppliers of the information are open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange”, Committee under securities at Ministerial council, National bank, the Ministry of Economics and the Ministry of Finance. Except for the data, directly concerning the stock market, in system the information on a condition of the currency and monetary market is concentrated; contain actual financial and social and economic news of Belarus, the CIS countries and the world.
BEQAS is the information-quoted system functioning on the basis of the Internet-technologies, intended for search of the counterpart for fulfillment of transactions with various kinds of securities, and also serving processes of obligatory registration in the unorganized market of transactions with stocks of the open joint-stock companies and the nominal privatization checks “Housing” accomplished on the over-the-counter market. For today the system is the only thing in republic a high-grade source of the information on a condition the over-the-counter market of the Belarusian enterprises.
Besides the stock exchange acts as the supplier of the information for republican news agencies, and also the leading mass-media focused on illumination of world economic processes.

Adjusting bodies of the European Union (EU) have approved merge of manufacturers of the telecommunication equipment - French Alcatel SA and American Lucent Technologies Inc., Associated Press informs.
The federal trading commission of the USA has passed the positive decision concerning the given transaction in June 2006. Alcatel SA and Lucent Technologies Inc. have made a decision on merge in the beginning of April of current year. The proceeds of the incorporated company, by calculations, will reach 21 billion euro (26.5 billion dollars) a year.
In management Alcatel-Lucent representatives of two companies will be presented in an equal parity. The head of the incorporated company becomes present Lucent’s executive director Patrisija Russo. Alcatel’s chairman and the main executive director Serge Tchuruk now becomes chairman of board of directors Alcatel-Lucent without executive powers. Both companies plan to finish the transaction up to the end 2006.

Yesterday I spoke with my friend who speculates at Forex. I’ve asked him give me several good advices that I can follow.
In this post I have made attempt to generalize his numerous answers in this occasion. At once I wish to make a reservation, that if someone will consider necessary to criticize or argue, it will be only welcomed.
So, let’s move under the order:
1. A choice of strategy.
It will be not necessary to be scattered on studying of all techniques which come across to you, and after acquaintance with several techniques stop only on one and study it as it is possible more in detail.
Yes, for the beginning it is necessary to master only one technique, one reception and if it to turn out, the success in your trade will take place.
Ultimate goal of our stay in the market is reception of profits, instead of research of various strategies
To be defined, what to choose for the beginning happens difficultly enough, therefore choose, that is better clearly and simply in recurrence (realization).
Is better, for the beginning to use strategy of following for trend - they are more simple and are clear in realization.
2. It is necessary to learn to wait.
In trade we not always realize it with our initially limited arsenal of receptions and we aspire at convenient, inconvenient in general any case to hold a position, in hope to receive profits. The real greater movements in the market happens not so much here again first of all certainly it is necessary to catch them, then to receive profits. And if you have received profit it is necessary not to lose it. For this purpose it is necessary to choose the successful moment, i.e. easy and not hurrying up to define the situation in which you can apply your strategy and only after that to enter into the market.
Needless to say that such moments can take place not every day and consequently probably most difficult it patiently to wait.
3. It is necessary never to catch up with a situation.
It happens that you see on the monitor, that the market has moved without you. It is insulting and annoyingly, for non-realized opportunities. But here is better to have patience and wait a following opportunity. Otherwise you risk joining movement on its most peaks, to receive recoil and accordingly losses.
4. Now about losses.
With them it is necessary to be defined at once, i.e. to define which stop-loss you expose at once at opening a position.
You begin a demo-account with that sum with which will start to work in real. Do not take a great interest in greater stops, find “golden mean”. Too small stops will work is more often, and too it will be more difficult to compensate greater, in the general result and on another it is possible to lose the deposit. Therefore stops should be in each case should be proved.
The attitude to losses if they have been planned should not be negative, is better to perceive it as the next occasion for reflections and improvements of the methods.
5. Be especially intent after greater successes.
More often after the big success greater mistakes turn out very often. The trader tries to repeat the success - but the situation any more has no, all is mistaken, tries to recoup quickly… in general successes are brought to nothing, and is even worse if to losses. If feel uncertainty after the received big profit, wait this moment is better. Emotions overflow you, and in trade they only stir.
6. When you in the beginning of a way never count on money received on Forex - nothing to turn out.
In this case it is additional emotional loading which will prevent to make only correct trading decisions. It is necessary to be very much and very quiet trading on the market, for example as a boa. Therefore firstly you should have an additional source of earnings on which you can eat and drink, and also periodically fill up the deposit - yet do not learn
7. Rest.
Rest is an integral part of activity of the trader, especially on becoming. If you consider that it only in vain spent time, it not so. By the experience my friend can tell that many interesting and serious decisions to him came just at that time when he had a rest - on holidays, in the country, on the journey, etc., or after rest, i.e. ‘with a clear head’. Therefore rest as well as work is necessary for planning, too.
8. The attitude.
Think about trade as a serious work, as well as in any work where application of special knowledge is required. First of all it is necessary to seize this knowledge. Receive special skills and only after that start to work. Do not transform the activity on Forex into hazardous entertainment

History of the Frankfurt stock exchange begins with the occurrence of medieval fairs. In the middle of 9 centuries king the Louis has given the preferable right to Frankfurt to spend annual autumn fairs. With 1330 when king the Louis IV Bavarian has expanded advantage and has resolved annual spring fairs, the city became the major center of trading and monetary operations.
Already in the beginning of 16 century, owing to the well-known fairs, Frankfurt becomes so prospering, that German monk Martin Luther names city “a silver and gold chink” of German empire.
As a result of flight to Frankfurt of Dutch and French dealers hided from prosecution because of their Protestant belief, in 16 century mass trade and bank sector are established in Frankfurt. Merchants from all parts of the Europe came to Frankfurt to borrow in trade.
Because of that neither in the Europe, nor in the German empire there was no uniform currency, the various countries have been shattered into numerous small economic regions, in each of which there was a monetary unit, realization of payments was the extremely difficult. Abundance of means of the payment, the unregulated exchange rate promoted development of swindle and usury. In 1585 the Frankfurt merchants have agreed about use of the fixed exchange rates of various monetary units. This date is considered the moment of a birth of the Frankfurt stock exchange. With 1585 during each fair the group of merchants periodically gathered for updating uniform and obligatory exchange rates of various monetary units. The first official list of exchange rates has appeared in 1625 the oldest list of exchange rates of the Frankfurt stock exchange, kept up to now, concerns to 1721.
First meetings of merchants were spent on the area in front of the Frankfurt town hall. And only in 1694/1695 there was a first building of a stock exchange in Frankfurt (Großer Braunfels) - the most significant and spacious building of city.
In 1682 have been put into operation the first necessary rules and norms of a stock exchange, the organizational structure of the Frankfurt stock exchange has been generated.
Down to the end of 18 centuries at a stock exchange traded exclusively in coins and bills. Only in the end 18 century begin periodic trade in bonds.
In 1707 at the next assembly the management of a stock exchange has officially approved trading agents - representatives of merchants. In 1808 the Chamber of commerce has been organized. The Frankfurt stock exchange created approximately 223 years ago as private association of businessmen, has turned to public establishment, already in first half of 19 centuries having passed in submission of the Chamber of commerce.
In the middle of 19 centuries the new prestigious building of a stock exchange under the project of the known architect in Frankfurt Friedrich Peiper, located near church St Paul’s Church has been constructed, it was opened in 1843.
Industrial revolution in Germany favored to development of financing of expensive projects through issue of stocks. The first quotation of the stocks is dated 1820 though as a whole the basic place of trade in 19 century was borrowed exclusively with bonds. In comparison with the largest European stock exchanges, the Frankfurt stock exchange treated coldly enough trade in stocks of numerous known corporations. In 1850 the Frankfurt stock exchange was generated as the center of trade mainly by the state bonds and the state interest bearing securities.
The new building of the Frankfurt stock exchange has been arisen in 1879. Construction has been carried out under projects of known architects of Frankfurt - Heinrich Burnitz and Oskar Sommer. Perhaps, this construction was the most successful - functionality of a stock exchange was perfectly combined with its prestige. Besides a new building of the Frankfurt stock exchange.
After unification of Germany in 1871 the Berlin stock exchange began to play the central role in the share market. It became the center of trade of the period when only in Prussia for the period with 1870 on 1974 there were 857 joint-stock companies. And by the end of a century in the country already 29 stock exchanges operated. Despite of it Frankfurt had an opportunity to defend the rights as the center of exchange trade.
In the end of 19 centuries for Frankfurt there was an absolute necessity of adaptation to a general economic situation in the country. With the purpose to keep the prestige of economic capital Frankfurt has changed the policy and has increased trade in stocks. This aspiration of Frankfurt to creation of the present stock exchange has collided with prevalence of the Berlin stock exchange.
The First World War and its consequences have delivered the hardest blow on the Frankfurt stock exchange. Foreign stocks and bonds were sold out to German investors because of fear of aggression from the oppositional states, free money resources were put only in the state bonds. By the end of war all foreign securities have disappeared from German quoted lists, as a result of it Frankfurt has lost the status of the international stock exchange. By the end of war all the international contacts of the Frankfurt stock exchange have been broken off and began to be restored only in 20th years. The short period of stability and well-being was replaced in 1929 by crisis. Economic crisis was and earlier. Same it has appeared unique on depth of falling of manufacture, on scales of scope of economic and on duration. The reason for that is in frustration of economic after the First World War. Fragile was a German economy. In 1931 German stock exchanges have been compelled to stop the functioning temporarily.
Fascist movement has arisen in Germany after the First World War. The German fascism differed extreme nationalism and racism. Fast growth of fascism fell to years of an economic crisis. The economy has been transformed. The state began to adjust it to accelerate an output from crisis and to create a powerful war industry. It has established the control over the prices, wages, has subordinated businessmen to the state bodies. Fascists aspired to establish the control over stock exchanges of some the states. The Frankfurt stock exchange in 1935 has merged with Mannheim Stock Exchange, then having absorbed Rhine - Main Stock Exchange. Frankfurt stock exchange, functioning as “an internal stock exchange”, in essence was not of great importance and did not carry out the major functions. The Nazi economic policy braked development of the free share market.
In 1944 has begun the final stage of the Second World War. The building of the Frankfurt stock exchange has been strongly damaged during an air strike. Meetings of stockbrokers now could be spent only in cellars of a building. After crash of a fascist mode in 1945 the Frankfurt stock exchange remained closed. However in September, 1945 the Frankfurt stock exchange, first of the German stock exchanges, has opened again.
As a result of currency reform 1948 and growing strengthening of the German economy the Frankfurt stock exchange gradually has found the former importance and played the leading part in Germany. After lead in 1992 the Frankfurt stock exchange became connected by reorganization directly not with Commercial and industrial chamber, and with joint-stock company the German stock exchange.
The German stock exchange represents joint-stock company, 81 % of actions belong to banks, 10 % - to regional stock exchanges, 9 % - to brokers. The German stock exchange runs the Frankfurt stock exchange and the German stock exchange of urgent contracts - Eurex. To this joint-stock company belong and are its branches the depositary-clearing system, information system and the Society of assistance to development of stock exchanges in Central and the East Europe.
In May 2000 there was a sensational merge of the London stock exchange to German stock exchange, to formation of a new interethnic stock exchange iX. A trading platform of a new stock exchange became German computer system XETRA. Incorporated stock exchange International Exchanges, or iX, becomes the largest share market in the Europe and serious counterbalance to Wall-Street.

This post is just a very little more advice about trade at the Stock exchange that I could collect.
1. Always pay more attention to behavior of the market and formation of price models, than to target levels and areas of support/resistance. The last can often cause that your correct opinion concerning the market will change prematurely.
2. When you feel, that it is necessary to take actions - either to open a position, or to leave it, - take actions immediately.
3. Never act against own opinion in occasion of a long-term trend of the market. In other words, do not try to sit on two chairs.
4. Advantageous positions, as a rule, have positive reassessment from the very beginning.
5. The correct choice of time for opening a position and an output from it (for example, a choice of the moment of an input on the basis of convincing price formations, an immediate output at the first sign of failure) can often save from greater losses, even if a position is unprofitable.
6. Intraday time decisions are almost always incorrect. Be not engaged in intraday time trade.
7. Necessarily check the markets before closing on Friday. The situation is often visible more clearly by a weekend. In similar cases the best price of an input or an output can be usually received before closing on Friday, than at opening a stock exchange on next Monday.
8. Dreams about the market can quite form the basis for actions (when memoirs on them unambiguously). Such dreams often come true, as they represent your subconscious knowledge of the market which makes the way through the barriers established by conscious thinking (for example, ” As I can buy here if I could open a long position on $2000 below last week? “).
9. You cannot have immunity from bad trading habits. The best that you can make is to suppress them. Day and negligence will quickly lead to their returning.

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