results at Stock Research

Group of investors buys the company on delivery of food stuffs Aramark Corp. for 6.3 billion dollars. There is a chairman of board of directors and executive director of Aramark Joseph Njubauer in charge of group of investors that buy Aramark. The group includes also private investment companies GS Capital Partners, CCMP Capital Advisors, JPMorgan Partners, Thomas H. Lee Partners and Warburg Pincus LLC. Investors will incur also obligations on payment of duty Aramark for the sum 2 billion dollars.
On conditions of the transaction, shareholders of Aramark will receive 33.80 dollars for each stock Aramark that on 2.3 % exceeds cost of stocks of the company on results of closing of the New York stock exchange on the eve. The transaction will be carried out in carry-over funds.
For financing purchase investors will apply for reception of the loan. Board of directors of Aramark has approved the transaction and is ready to recommend accepting to shareholders Aramark conditions of the agreement. In case of approval of the transaction by shareholders and adjusting bodies of the USA, the transaction will come to the end in the end of 2006, or in the beginning of 2007.
Aramark conducts the activity in 20 countries of the world. In the company work 240 thousand persons. Aramark carries out deliveries of food stuffs in hospitals, schools and on stadiums, informs Associated Press.

I have written this blog for 1.5 month, but only several days ago I realize that I wrote about different foreign stock exchanges, but I’ve forgotten to write about the unique stock of my own country… About Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange… And today I’ll try to correct it!
The portrait of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange”
The open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” has been formed in 1998 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Belarus from July, 20th, 1998 №366 “About perfection of system of state regulation of the stock market”. Founders of a stock exchange became National bank of the Republic of Belarus (a control share holding), Fund of the state property of the Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Belarus and a number of large banks of the Republic of Belarus.
The supreme body of management of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” is General meeting of shareholders. The structure of shareholders of a stock exchange, except for founders includes banks, the broker/dealer subsidiaries of republic, etc. The Management of a stock exchange between the General meetings of shareholders is carried out by the Supervisory council.
As of today of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” is the unique in republic trading platform on the basis of which the national system of the exchange trades on all basic segments of the financial market is created: currency, share and term. Except for the organization of the trades, the stock exchange carries out functions of the settlement depositary institution in the exchange market of not state securities, function of the operator of settlement-clearing system by all kinds of securities and tools of the term market, and also carries out registration of the transactions concluded on the over-the-counter market with stocks of open joint-stock companies and voucher “Housing”.
The foreign exchange market.
According to the Rules of exchange trade in the foreign currencies approved by the decision of Board of National bank of the Republic of Belarus 28/06/2001 №165 (read with 31/10/2003), open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” it is allocated by the right of the organization of the trades by a foreign currency.
The trades by a foreign currency at a stock exchange are carried out within the limits of Section of the currency market. The exchange trades are spent daily with use of electronic system of the trades. The cores currencies quoted at a stock exchange are: US dollar, Euro, the Russian ruble and the Ukrainian hryvna. The rates generated on results of the exchange trades, today are included into the category of the basic indicators of the currency market. On results of the trades the National bank of the Republic of Belarus establishes official rates of the Belarus ruble in relation to US dollar and ruble of the Russian Federation.
The total volume of the trades by all kinds of currencies for 9 months of 2005 was made 10.6 billion of rubles or 4 912 million US dollars in an equivalent.
Stock market.
According to the legislation of the Republic of Belarus for many securities the stock exchange is a unique admissible jail of transactions. To such papers concern: the state issue securities, bonds of National bank of the Republic of Belarus, the bond of local loans and the securities of the open joint-stock companies last an estimation of quality and reliability (listing) and admitted to the reference at a stock exchange. To participation in the trades by securities members of Section of the share market are supposed only. Transactions with securities are made in universal electronic trading system. The opportunity to participate in the trades with use of the automated workplaces located in trading halls of a stock exchange, or through the removed trading terminals is given to members of Section of the share market. The trades by securities are spent daily in following modes: “Continuous double auction”, “REPO (the fixed pricing)”, “REPO (free pricing)”, “Discrete auction”, “Forward transactions”, “Simple auction”, “Simple auction REPO”. The given modes are effectively used for primary accommodation of securities, the organization of their secondary reference and maintenance of processes of privatization.
Now in sector of the state securities and securities of National bank auctions of the Ministry of Finance on accommodation of the state securities are spent, within the limits of the secondary reference transactions in modes “continuous double auction” and “REPO” are made, the National bank of the Republic of Belarus on a regular basis spends simple auctions REPO. On the given segment of the market the institute a market-makers functions. Since September, 1st, 2005 the index on the market government securities/short-term bonds of the National bank of the Republic of Belarus pays off and published.
In sector of not state securities transactions with stocks and bonds of subjects of managing are made at primary accommodation and the secondary reference, and also privatization transactions. The fund of the state property of the Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Belarus uses exchange technologies for the organization of auctions on sale of actions belonging to the state for a foreign currency and the Belarus rubles, “discrete auction” and other accessible modes of the trades realizes state blocks of shares of stocks in a mode. Since October, 7th of 2005 in sector of not state securities the regular trades by bonds of banks have begun.
Participants of the trades can make transactions with not state securities with following conditions of calculations: T+0 (delivery of money and securities in day of fulfillment of the transaction), T+n (delivery of money and securities in the day certain by participants during the moment of fulfillment of the transaction), and also the transactions made on conditions REPO.
The total volume of the exchange trades by securities of all kinds for 9 months of 2005 has made 7.0 billion of rubles, or 3.2 billion of US dollars.
According to the legislation of the Republic of Belarus the stock exchange carries out obligatory registration of all accomplished on the over-the-counter market of transactions with securities of the open joint-stock companies, and also since January, 25th, 2005 transactions with nominal privatization checks “Housing”. For nine months of 2005 by a stock exchange it has been registered 1066 over-the-counter transactions with stocks of open joint-stock company for a total sum of 15.96 billion rubles (7.4 million of US dollars) and 33653 transactions with  voucher “Housing” at actual cost of 19083,7 million rubles (on a face-value 24.0 million rubles). For service of processes of registration system BEQAS functioning on the basis of the Internet-technologies is used.
The term market.
Since October, 2004 the stock exchange has started trading by financial tools of the term market on a constant basis. The exchange trades by tools of the term market are spent in electronic trading system every working day simultaneously on all tools in a mode “continuous double auction”. As participants of the trades act the members of Section of the term market. Calculations under made transactions are spent in uniform settlement-clearing system, in which function of a clearing bank carries out National bank of the Republic of Belarus, and function of clearing - a stock exchange. The toolkit of the given market is presented by future contracts on rates of foreign currencies and interest rates in the market of the state securities.
Information work.
The major principle of the organization of activity of a stock exchange is development of information technologies and increase of a transparency of the financial market of republic. With a view of realization of the given principle by a stock exchange it is created and successfully functions three basic automated information products: the official Internet-site of a stock exchange, the Belarusian automated quoted system of a stock exchange (BEQAS), Information system “Stock market”. The official Internet-site of open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange” is the central element of system of disclosing of the information by results of activity of a stock exchange in the currency, share and term markets.
“The Share market” accumulates data about a condition and the processes occurring on a republican securities market. The basic suppliers of the information are open joint-stock company “Belarus currency-stock exchange”, Committee under securities at Ministerial council, National bank, the Ministry of Economics and the Ministry of Finance. Except for the data, directly concerning the stock market, in system the information on a condition of the currency and monetary market is concentrated; contain actual financial and social and economic news of Belarus, the CIS countries and the world.
BEQAS is the information-quoted system functioning on the basis of the Internet-technologies, intended for search of the counterpart for fulfillment of transactions with various kinds of securities, and also serving processes of obligatory registration in the unorganized market of transactions with stocks of the open joint-stock companies and the nominal privatization checks “Housing” accomplished on the over-the-counter market. For today the system is the only thing in republic a high-grade source of the information on a condition the over-the-counter market of the Belarusian enterprises.
Besides the stock exchange acts as the supplier of the information for republican news agencies, and also the leading mass-media focused on illumination of world economic processes.

Intel Corp. has declared the largest updating a line of let out products for last 6 years. The company has presented family from 10 new processors of family Core 2 Duo which, on a plan of a management, will help Intel to win back a number of the positions, given to the main competitor - Advanced Micro Devices Inc. New chips work on 40 % more quickly, than last models of family Pentium, and thus consume on 40 % of less energy. The price for processors will make from 183 up to 999 dollars. They will go on sale in August 2006. Besides, Intel has declared sharp fall in prices on earlier models of processors. So, the price on developed in 2000 Pentium 4 is lowered on 61 % - with 218 up to 84 dollars Deprecication Pentium D will reach 40 % - with 530 up to 316 dollars. During 2006 Intel has given competing AMD about 5 % of the market.
Net profit of Intel on results of 2nd quarter of 2006 has decreased on 56,6 % - up to 885 million dollars. The Sales volume was reduced to 13 % and has made 8 billion dollars. These activities became the lowest for the company with 2004.

Over and over again I’m writing about prices for oil. This theme arouses interest of the majority of population of the Earth. The World prices for oil on July, 27th 2006 have considerably risen. So, on results of the trades at leading oil stock exchanges InterContinental Exchange Futures (ICE Futures) and New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) the official prices of oil futures of the nearest month of delivery have accordingly made (London):
- IPE Brent Crude – $75.01 (+1.01) for barrel;
- Light Sweet Crude Oil – $74.54 (+0.60) for barrel.

The prices for oil</a> futures on July, 25th have noticeably decreased. If in the morning price showing exceeded a mark $75 for barrel, to evening the prices under transactions have again returned on a level $73 for barrel. Results of the trades at stock exchanges contracts of the nearest month of delivery on July, 25th have made:
- in New York on New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) the official price of future Light, Sweet Crude Oil (September) has fallen to 1 dollars of 30 cents (-1,7 %) and was established on a mark $73.75 for barrel (the lowest price of closing for a week) at the prices under transactions for session $73.55-75.78 for barrel;
- in London on InterContinental Exchange Futures (ICE Futures) the official price of future IPE e-Brent Crude Futures Electronic (September) has fallen off on 1 dollars 33 cents (-1,8 %) and was established on a mark $73.28 for barrel (the lowest official parameter more than for two weeks) at the prices under transactions for session $73.10-75.41 for barrel.
High Volatility under transactions at the trades on July, 25th it has been caused by expected development of a situation in the Near East. On the one hand, continuation of a confrontation and threat of its distribution on the countries next to Lebanon pushed oil quotations upwards. On the other hand, across the Near East and firm intentions of the Arabian countries to accept drastic measures for cease-fire in Lebanon formed international meeting forthcoming on July, 26th in Rome in the market of that expectation that the conflict in region joint efforts will manage to be extinguished. The prices for oil have gone down after the state the Secretary of State of the USA Condoleezza Rice has suggested entering into Lebanon the international forces.
Futures for gasoline and residual oil on NYMEX on July, 25th have gone down within the limits of 1.5 %. During first half of day the steady rise in prices on gasoline and residual oil was observed, that technically supported growth of oil quotations. The prices for petroleum products grew because of expectations of reduction of their deliveries to a home market of the USA. We shall remind that in connection with a stop of manufacture on several oil refineries in the USA oil refining in the country has decreased approximately on 500 thousand barrel per day. The rise in prices on gasoline also was promoted by expectations of falling since August on the following of 5-7 months of its import Venezuela - the country which is the main external supplier of gasoline in the USA. Deliveries of gasoline from Venezuela since August can essentially be reduced in connection with carrying out after a fire of repair work on the world’s largest oil refining complex Amuay-Cordon (throughput - the order 940 thousand barrel per day). At the same time the rise in prices on petroleum products, first of all gasoline, on July, 25th has been complicated in connection with the high prices of the retail market. We shall remind, that retail prices for gasoline in the USA have already exceeded a mark of $3 for gallon and now concede to the absolute record very little.
The high prices for gasoline, participants of the market consider, can become the reason of decrease in consumption of automobile fuel.
Decrease in the end of day of petrol quotations also was promoted by expectations of the publication of the weekly report of the Ministry of power of the USA forthcoming on July, 26th about a condition in the country of stocks of crude oil and petroleum products.

One of the subjects under discussion is the price for oil and gasoline. That’s why I time and again advert to this subject. So, in the USA retail prices for gasoline have reached record values, representatives of research company Lundberg Survey have declared. By results of comparison of the prices for gasoline on 7 thousand American gas stations, an average of retail price it has been certain at a level 3,015 dollars for gallon. Thus the minimum price for gasoline has been noted at the gas station in state of South Carolina – 2.77 dollars for gallon, while maximal - on filling stations of San Diego – 3.28 dollars for gallon. The previous maximal value of an average retail price for gasoline in the USA – 3.0117 dollars for gallon - has been noted in September 2005.

Today I’d like to analyze financial positions of several world-known companies such as Intel Corp., Motorola Inc., Apple Computer Inc. and American AMR Corp. To my mind this information will be useful for each investor and will help him to make prognosis.
Net profit of the largest in the world manufacturer of microchips (corporations Intel Corp.) on results of 1st half of 2006 year has fallen to 46.8 % and has made 2.24 billion dollars. A year earlier it has made 4.22 billion dollars. Such data contain in the financial report of the company that has been published today. Proceeds of Intel for first six months 2006 has decreased on 9.2 % - up to 16.95 billion dollars, whereas in 2005 this it has been fixed at a level 18.67 billion dollars. Operational profit has decreased on 50.9 % - up to 2.79 billion dollars instead of 5.68 billion dollars in 2005. The profit before tax has decreased on 47 % - about 5.91 billion dollars up to 3.13 billion dollars.
Net profit of Intel on results of 2nd quarter of 2006 has decreased for 56.6 % and has made 885 million dollars In April-June 2005. The net profit of the company has made 2.04 billion dollars. Proceeds for accounting quarter have decreased on 13.2 % - about 9.23 billion dollars up to 8.01 billion dollars. The Operational profit has decreased on 59.5 % - up to 1.07 billion dollars (in comparison about 2.65 billion dollars year earlier). Profit before tax in 2nd quarter of 2006 has decreased for 54.5 % - about 2.75 billion dollars up to 1.25 billion dollars.
Oh, it’s the bed information for shareholders of Intel…:(

Net profit of one of the leading world manufacturers of mobile phones American Motorola Inc. on results of first six months 2006 has grown on 27.4 % and has made 2.07 billion dollars in comparison about 1.63 billion dollars a year earlier. Such data contain in financial report Motorola published today. The Sales volume of the company in the 1st half of 2006 has grown on 26.6 % - up to 20.48 billion dollars in 2005. This criterion has made 16.18 billion dollars. Operational profit for the accounting period has grown on 30.7 % - up to 2.37 billion dollars in comparison about 1.81 billion dollars year earlier.
Net profit of Motorola in 2nd quarter of 2006 has grown on 48.3 % - up to 1.38 billion dollars instead of 933 million that have been received in April-June 2005. The Sales volume has grown on 29.4 % - up to 10.88 billion dollars in 1st quarter of 2005. This criterion has made 8.41 billion dollars. Operational profit has grown on 58.9 % - about 958 million dollars up to 1.52 billion dollars.
Geronimo! I like products of this company and I am unfeignedly glad to its achievements :)

Net profit of the American manufacturer of computer techniques Apple Computer Inc. for the first 9 months 2005-2006 has grown on 59.9 % and has made 1.45 billion dollars. A year earlier this criterion has made 905 million dollars. Such data contain in the financial report of the company published today. Sales volume of Apple since October 2005 till June 2006 has grown on 41.2 % - up to 14.48 billion dollars in comparison about 10.25 billion dollars year earlier. The operational profit has grown on 49.8 % - about 1.23 billion dollars up to 1.85 billion dollars.
Net profit Apple in 3rd quarter of 2006, which has come to the end on July, 1st 2006, has grown on 47.5 % - up to 472 million dollars instead of 320 million the dollars received on year earlier. The Sales volume for accounting quarter has grown on 24.1 % - up to 4.37 billion dollars Year earlier this criterion has made 3.52 billion dollars. Operational profit has grown on 32.6 % - about 427 million dollars up to 566 million dollars. Growth of financial parameters Apple has been reached in many respects owing to successful sales MP3-players iPod and computers Macintosh on the basis of processors Intel.
My congratulations to company! It’s always pleasant to achieve a success!

Net profit of the American AMR Corp., the parent company of the largest air carrier in USA American Airlines, in 2nd quarter of 2006 has grown in 5 times and has reached 291 million dollars against 58 million dollars year earlier. Such data are presented in the report of the company published today. Proceeds of AMR for the last quarter of 2006 has made 5.98 billion dollars, on 12.5 % having exceeded a criterion in 5.31 billion dollars for the similar period of 2005. Analysts predicted proceeds at level 5.93 billion dollars.
Successful activities, according to representatives AMR, are caused by a significant sales volume and the high prices for tickets which have helped the company to overcome negative consequences of a rise in prices on fuel. The company finishes in plus works the second quarter successively. Prior to the beginning of 2006 AMR 22 quarters reported about losses.
Such great results!!! Let’s keep that up! :):)

Every day not only investors discuss the changes in prices of oil, that’s why I think this peace of news is noteworthy.
So, the prices for oil</a> futures on July, 18th have continued falling. It was the second from the beginning of week falling of the prices for oil. And it was approximately same essential, as well as on the eve. Once again the prices have fallen more than to 2 %, but this time they have already left a mark $75 for barrel.
The official prices for oil were established on July, 18th on the marks as much as possible close to the lowest prices under transactions. Thus the price of oil Brent has remained a little above $74 for barrel, while the price of oil WTI (Light Sweet) was established below this level. Results of the trades at stock exchanges contracts of the nearest month of delivery have made:
- in New York on New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) the official price of future Light, Sweet Crude Oil (August) has fallen off on 1 dollars and 76 cents (-2.3 %) and was established on a mark $73.54 for barrel. (The lowest price of closing more than for two weeks) at the prices under transactions for session $73.50-76.50 for barrel;
- in London on InterContinental Exchange Futures (ICE Futures) the official price of future IPE e-Brent Crude Futures Electronic (September) has fallen to 1 dollars and 56 cents      (-2.1 %) and was established on a mark $74.36 for (the lowest price of closing for a week) at the prices under transactions for session $74.30-77.29 for barrel.
But why have prices began to fall? For first two days of this week oil has fallen in price more than on 4 %. Development of a situation in the oil market was once again defined with atmosphere in the Near East. Participants of the conflict have continued on July, 18th an exchange of rocket and artillery impacts. And the Air Forces of Israel have made a strike on military base in Lebanon that for a while promoted a rise in prices on oil futures.
Nevertheless, by the end of day the price for oil have gone down under pressure of confidence (that have became stronger) of market participants that the conflict will not extend to Syria and Iran. Decrease in interest to purchases of oil futures was promoted by the announcement of the Secretary of State of the USA Condoleezza Rice that the arrangement on cease-fire in Lebanon will be soon reached. Reduction of prices on oil products on July, 18th also has proceeded.
Additional technical pressure upon the oil market has rendered on July, 18th essential falling of the prices for gold. So, despite of preservation in the world of geopolitical instability, gold this day has fallen in the price for 3.4 %. Oil and gold already for a long time bargain in pair, is persistent following one after another. Simultaneous falling of the prices for oil and on gold testified that large investors gradually deduce their actives from the market of commodity futures, considering that fact that the US dollar has grown for a week concerning euro more than on 2 %.

Yesterday when I read the news-block I thought why I couldn’t discuss the current news in my blog. So I’ve tried to find the most interesting news for investors.
Wienerberger Brick
The European Reconstruction and Development Bank have allocated Austrian Wienerberger 13.3 million euros for building and construction of brick-making plant in the Russian Federation.
 About it is spoken in the message of bank. The European Reconstruction and Development Bank has purchased 18.1 % of stocks of limited liability company “Wienerberger Brick” (Russia) for 2.5 million euros and has granted a loan in 10,8 million euros on payment of debts. The rest of means in construction (which total cost is estimated in 38 million euros) will put Wienerberger AG.
The factory will make nearby 120 million facing bricks per year or 220 million hollow bricks. The given project - a part of the joint program of the European Reconstruction and Development Bank and Wienerberger under investments into manufacture of building materials into the countries where the bank works.
The Austrian group company Wienerberger was based in the Vein in 1819. And now it is the world leader on manufacture of a hollow and facing ceramic bricks. The group company has more than 230 factories in 24 countries of the world.

Sadia
Company Sadia S.A., one of leading manufacturers of meat products and semi-prepared foods in Brazil, has proposed purchase of 50 % of stocks of Perdigao S.A for 1,7 billion dollars. Such data are resulted in the press release of the company published today. Cost of the transaction is estimated in 3.7 billion real (1.7 billion dollars). According to conditions of the offer, Sadia it is ready to pay 27.88 real (12.58 dollars) for each current stock Perdigao. Offered to Sadia price exceeds on 35 % cost of stock Perdigao on results of closing of the share trades in the San Paulo Stock Exchange. Term of the offer expires on October, 24th 2006. As it is marked in press release of Sadia, as a result of merge in the international market of meat products and semi-prepared foods there will be a new leader. Net profit Sadia on results of 2005 has been 656.12 million Brazilian real (307.88 million dollars).

Wimm–Bill–Dann
Shareholders of public corporation “Wimm–Bill–Dann Food stuffs” (WBD) at extraordinary meeting will consider the problem on expulsion of Jamshid Jadegardzham from structure of board. As they say in message WBD, it is offered to shareholders to consider the given question under the recommendation of chairman of board of the company of Toni Mahera. Only those shareholders have the right to take part in assembly, who was registered artificially of July, 2006. The Date of ending of reception of bulletins for voting is September, 1st 2006. Also it is offered to shareholders to approve creation of branches “Wimm–Bill–Dann” in Samara, Tuimazy, Novosibirsk, Rubtsovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk.
Ownership capital of WBD is 880 millions of rubles. In circulation there is 44 million ordinary stocks (face value 20 rubles). The principle shareholders of the company as of end of 1st quarter of 2006 are Gabriel Jushvaev - 17,13 %, Sergey Plastinin - 9,30 %, David Jakobashvili - 8,33 %, Michael Dubinin - 5,71 %, in nominal holding of shares at Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas is 39,99 % of stocks of the company.
Public corporation “Wimm–Bill–Dann Food stuffs” was created in 1992. And now it is engaged in manufacture of juices and dairy products in Russia. Into the company enter 30 industrial enterprises which are being 21 regions of Russian Federation and the CIS. “Wimm–Bill–Dann” owns the portfolio of trade marks covering from above 1 thousand of 100 types of dairy products (”Domic v derevne”, “Milaya Mila”, Neo, Bio-max, etc.) and more than 150 types of juices, nectars and soft drinks under marks “J7″, “100 % Gold”, etc. Net profit of public corporation “Wimm–Bill–Dann” on US GAAP in 2005 has increased for 31.7 % - up to 30.3 million dollars.

GoAir
Indian airline GoAir and planemaker Airbus have signed the agreement on purchase of 10 planes A320, press-service Airbus informs. Moreover the contract gives GoAir an opportunity of purchase in the future ten similar planes. The financial component of the transaction and terms of deliveries of planes are not informed.

System and Controls of the Stock Exchange.
The Principal organ of management of the Stock exchange was the Exchange committee - the elective body of Exchange merchant class. It was formed initially for supervision over safety of a new building of the Stock Exchange. With the course of time move to it all function of management, the solution of disputes, communication of businessmen and the governments.
Regulations of 1831 have approved behind Exchange committee the functions of commercial court, management of exchange affairs. At first the committee became an operating agency of the general Exchange assemblies. And since 1875 it was replaced by assembly of member of the city duma (80-150 elected persons).
The structure of Exchange committee (it was approved by above mentioned regulations) included 3 merchants and 3 brokers, was presided by “Mayor”, which headed the Municipal duma. The modern control system is much more complex. It has a great number of committees and departments where a plenty of people is working. Specialization in the decision of separate questions is useful, but on the other hand to the persons bearing the responsibility for activity of the Stock exchange as a whole, can be hard, follow actions of each part of the complex administrative mechanism. Collective nature of departments allows considering in more detail problems and questions, than if departments consisted of one person since people have an opportunity to unite the knowledge, experience, to offer some various decisions of any questions. However, there can be disagreements, and the majority is not always right, and the chief can be mistaken, choosing the correct decision.
In all control systems, beginning with Exchange committee, the basic controls were kept: GENERAL ASSEMBLY which selects EXCHANGE ADVISORY COUNCIL (ASSEMBLY of TOWN-COUNCILLOR). It in turn chooses representatives of BOARD (EXCHANGE COMMITTEE). The truth the PRESIDENT, unlike CHAIRMAN, is the person chosen by board, but the post from it has not changed.
We shall consider functions of the above-named controls:
General meeting of members of Stock exchange is the supreme body of management of the Stock exchange. The decision of following questions concerns to its exclusive competence:
- the statement and change of the charter, balance and other documents;
- an establishment of the sizes of all necessary monetary gathering, sizes of tariffs, payments for exchange services, the sizes of penalties;
- election of members of controls of Stock exchange;
- consideration of complaints to the decision of advisory council of the Stock exchange and boards of directors;
- the statement of the order of a payment and official salaries of the personnel of the Stock exchange.
The functions of Exchange Advisory Council of the Saint-Petersburg Stock exchange:
- an establishment of dates and time for Exchange assemblies;
- drawing up and the edition of rules about the order of carrying out of operations with securities, instructions for brokers on conducting books;
- definitions of the form of bulletin of the Stock exchange;
- an establishment of the size, the order and terms of deductions from a commission of brokers and regular customers of the Stock exchange, payments from visitors;
- the sanction of an assumption of securities and the quotation on the Stock exchange;
- the resolution of disputes, operations arising at carrying out with securities;
- reception and exception of members of the Stock exchange;
- estimating of incomes and charges of the Stock exchange and reports on their execution;
- granting to bodies of local authorities and the government of data and the analytical conclusions concerning development of the financial market.
Also some functions of a higher body can be assigned to Exchange Advisory Council of the Saint-Petersburg Stock exchange.
Board of directors is the executing agency of the Stock exchange. To its competence concern:
- the organization and a management of activity of the Stock exchange and its subdivisions;
- development, change and entering on the statement of General meeting of members of the Stock exchange and Exchange Advisory Council the documents regulating its activity;
- a suspension for the period of exchange trade, in case of if the prices of current transactions on the stock exchange deviate quotations more than on certain Stock exchange size;
- the order of property of the Stock exchange;
- the statement and change of the size deposited in a settlement payment of the mortgage and the liquidating credit;
- hiring and dismissal of personnel of the Stock exchange;
- imposing of penal sanctions.
Functions of Board of directors are carried out by executive committee. It is necessary to mention and the Revision committee. It carries out the current control for financial and economic activities of the stock exchange. Its functions are:
- check of a condition of money resources and property, and also office-work of the Stock exchange;
- drawing up of the report to General meeting about results of audit.

Stockjobbing.
In stockjobbing everyone played their own role. “Aces” set mood of day, giving orders to brokers. Their intentions defined actions of others.
If “the weak mood” (the offer exceeded demand), the “side scene” operating at own expense prevailed, hastened to sell the securities then to redeem them, still, more cheaply, but, bankers, waited, the further downturn that forced the speculators who have bought securities in hope for increase, urgently to sell out them. Brokers started to buy the necessary securities; they were followed with “side scene”, buying papers to sell them when the prices will rise.
In a return case “bulls” started to operate. They added the price and bought up securities, selling them after under higher price. But in parallel with them bankers operated also, the prices grew, but by the end of day of the price were usually stabilized.
Platform. Here played on a difference of rates. Some times for Exchange day intermediaries left on platform and informed on movement of the prices. Intermediaries used that their data cannot be checked up, well and clients could refuse the given assignments at any moment.
“American” is a stock exchange on which it was possible at any moment “to liquidate all unprofitable obligations and to disappear in unknown direction”. In the beginning similar assemblies passed furtively on the Neva prospectus - in the street or in money-change shops (for example, Nikitin’s office). Later all took place in extensive convenient premises.
Data about game on modern Stock exchange are not present, but I do not think, that the little changes took place. Always there are those who speculates on downturn/increase and always to own advantage.

Systems of trade.
The System of the trade by securities, since time of separation of stock exchange from commodity one, constantly changed.
Initially all transactions consist brokers at personal presence of people. Large Stockbrokers, appearing, gave orders to brokers, divided operations among themselves and started to operate. But a plenty present, noise and confusion, false movements, demonstrations, sometimes led to some misunderstanding. For example, on the different ends of hall transactions on the same security under the different price consist.
After the conclusion of significant transactions public gathered in some dense circles where there was a trade on running securities. The form of carrying out reminded auction - the prices were specified. Finally established they were considered after the first call. The second closed an official stock exchange.
Full members of the Stock exchange submitted a note about arranged deals which each broker has been obliged to bring in the books and bulletins, but this rule was quite often broken. Operations proceeded on platform where within day intermediaries informed data on the prices, mood, etc., quite often deceiving gathered there, in own purposes.
As there was one more kind of an informal Stock exchange - “American”. Behind the frauds occurred there to follow it was impossible, there were no legal guarantees.
After creation of an official share department not only system of the trade has changed, but also public of an institution. Its valid members - plenipotentiaries of commercial banks, bank buildings and offices - possessed exclusive rights: to operate without brokers, by proxy (no more than one) and improvised (no more than two). Advisory council of a share department consisted of these people and brokers; they informed given quoted commissions for drawing up of bulletins. The right to conclude transactions through brokers had regular customers, persons of 1-st trade guild of Saint-Petersburg. Visitors of a department could be only observers.
(to be continued…)

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